Mobile phone base stations-Effects on wellbeing and health.

Kundi M, Hutter HP.

Institute of Environmental Health, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, A-1095 Vienna, Austria.

Studying effects of mobile phone base station signals on health have been discouraged by authoritative bodies like WHO International EMF Project and COST 281. WHO recommended studies around base stations in 2003 but again stated in 2006 that studies on cancer in relation to base station exposure are of low priority. As a result only few investigations of effects of base station exposure on health and wellbeing exist. Cross-sectional investigations of subjective health as a function of distance or measured field strength, despite differences in methods and robustness of study design, found indications for an effect of exposure that is likely independent of concerns and attributions. Experimental studies applying short-term exposure to base station signals gave various results, but there is weak evidence that UMTS and to a lesser degree GSM signals reduce wellbeing in persons that report to be sensitive to such exposures. Two ecological studies of cancer in the vicinity of base stations report both a strong increase of incidence within a radius of 350 and 400m respectively. Due to the limitations inherent in this design no firm conclusions can be drawn, but the results underline the urgent need for a comprehensive investigation of this issue. Animal and in vitro studies are inconclusive to date. An increased incidence of DMBA induced mammary tumors in rats at a SAR of 1.4W/kg in one experiment could not be replicated in a second trial. Indications of oxidative stress after low-level in vivo exposure of rats could not be supported by in vitro studies of human fibroblasts and glioblastoma cells. From available evidence it is impossible to delineate a threshold below which no effect occurs, however, given the fact that studies reporting low exposure were invariably negative it is suggested that power densities around 0.5-1mW/m(2) must be exceeded in order to observe an effect. The meager data base must be extended in the coming years. The difficulties of investigating long-term effects of base station exposure have been exaggerated, considering that base station and handset exposure have almost nothing in common both needs to be studied independently. It cannot be accepted that studying base stations is postponed until there is firm evidence for mobile phones. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19261451

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Electromagnetic pollution from phone masts. Effects on wildlife.

Balmori A.

Direccion General del Medio Natural, Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Castilla y Leon, C/Rigoberto Cortejoso, 14, 47014 Valladolid, Spain.

A review on the impact of radiofrequency radiation from wireless telecommunications on wildlife is presented. Electromagnetic radiation is a form of environmental pollution which may hurt wildlife. Phone masts located in their living areas are irradiating continuously some species that could suffer long-term effects, like reduction of their natural defenses, deterioration of their health, problems in reproduction and reduction of their useful territory through habitat deterioration. Electromagnetic radiation can exert an aversive behavioral response in rats, bats and birds such as sparrows. Therefore microwave and radiofrequency pollution constitutes a potential cause for the decline of animal populations and deterioration of health of plants living near phone masts. To measure these effects urgent specific studies are necessary. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19264463

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The Influence of Being Physically Near to a Cell Phone Transmission Mast on the Incidence of Cancer

Horst Eger, Klaus Uwe Hagen, Birgitt Lucas, Peter Vogel, Helmut Voit

Published in Umwelt·Medizin·Gesellschaft 17,4 2004, as:

‘Einfluss der räumlichen Nähe von Mobilfunksendeanlagen auf die Krebsinzidenz’

Summary

Following the call by Wolfram König, President of the Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz (Federal Agency for radiation protection), to all doctors of medicine to collaborate actively in the assessment of the risk posed by cellular radiation, the aim of our study was to examine whether people living close to cellular transmitter antennas were exposed to a heightened risk of taking ill with malignant tumors.

The basis of the data used for the survey were PC files of the case histories of patients between the years 1994 and 2004. While adhering to data protection, the personal data of almost 1,000 patients were evaluated for this study, which was completed without any external financial support. It is intended to continue the project in the form of a register. The result of the study shows that the proportion of newly developing cancer cases was significantly higher among those patients who had lived during the past ten years at a distance of up to 400 metres from the cellular transmitter site, which has been in operation since 1993, compared to those patients living further away, and that the patients fell ill on average 8 years earlier.

In the years 1999-2004, ie after five years’operation of the transmitting installation, the relative risk of getting cancer had trebled for the residents of the area in the proximity of the installation compared to the inhabitants of Naila outside the area.

http://www.savespiritbear.org/documents/11GermanreportInfluencemastcancer.pdf

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Subjective symptoms, sleeping problems, and cognitive performance in subjects living near mobile phone base stations.

Hutter HP, Moshammer H, Wallner P, Kundi M.

Institute of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. hans-peter.hutter@univie.ac.at

BACKGROUND: The erection of mobile telephone base stations in inhabited areas has raised concerns about possible health effects caused by emitted microwaves. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of randomly selected inhabitants living in urban and rural areas for more than one year near to 10 selected base stations, 365 subjects were investigated. Several cognitive tests were performed, and wellbeing and sleep quality were assessed. Field strength of high-frequency electromagnetic fields (HF-EMF) was measured in the bedrooms of 336 households. RESULTS: Total HF-EMF and exposure related to mobile telecommunication were far below recommended levels (max. 4.1 mW/m2). Distance from antennae was 24-600 m in the rural area and 20-250 m in the urban area. Average power density was slightly higher in the rural area (0.05 mW/m2) than in the urban area (0.02 mW/m2). Despite the influence of confounding variables, including fear of adverse effects from exposure to HF-EMF from the base station, there was a significant relation of some symptoms to measured power density; this was highest for headaches. Perceptual speed increased, while accuracy decreased insignificantly with increasing exposure levels. There was no significant effect on sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Despite very low exposure to HF-EMF, effects on wellbeing and performance cannot be ruled out, as shown by recently obtained experimental results; however, mechanisms of action at these low levels are unknown. http://oem.bmj.com/cgi/content/short/63/5/307

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Neurobehavioral effects among inhabitants around mobile phone base stations

G. Abdel-Rassoul^{, a,} , O. Abou El-Fateh^a, M. Abou Salem^a, A. Michael^a, F. Farahat^a, M. El-Batanouny^a and E. Salem^a

^aCommunity, Environmental and Occupational Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt

Received 20 October 2005; accepted 18 July 2006. Available online 1 August 2006.

Abstract

Background

There is a general concern on the possible hazardous health effects of exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations (RFR) emitted from mobile phone base station antennas on the human nervous system.

Aim

To identify the possible neurobehavioral deficits among inhabitants living nearby mobile phone base stations.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted on (85) inhabitants living nearby the first mobile phone station antenna in Menoufiya governorate, Egypt, 37 are living in a building under the station antenna while 48 opposite the station. A control group (80) participants were matched with the exposed for age, sex, occupation and educational level. All participants completed a structured questionnaire containing: personal, educational and medical histories; general and neurological examinations; neurobehavioral test battery (NBTB) [involving tests for visuomotor speed, problem solving, attention and memory]; in addition to Eysenck personality questionnaire (EPQ).

Results

The prevalence of neuropsychiatric complaints as headache (23.5%), memory changes (28.2%), dizziness (18.8%), tremors (9.4%), depressive symptoms (21.7%), and sleep disturbance (23.5%) were significantly higher among exposed inhabitants than controls: (10%), (5%), (5%), (0%), (8.8%) and (10%), respectively (P < 0.05). The NBTB indicated that the exposed inhabitants exhibited a significantly lower performance than controls in one of the tests of attention and short-term auditory memory [Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT)]. Also, the inhabitants opposite the station exhibited a lower performance in the problem solving test (block design) than those under the station. All inhabitants exhibited a better performance in the two tests of visuomotor speed (Digit symbol and Trailmaking B) and one test of attention (Trailmaking A) than controls. The last available measures of RFR emitted from the first mobile phone base station antennas in Menoufiya governorate were less than the allowable standard level.

Conclusions and recommendations

Inhabitants living nearby mobile phone base stations are at risk for developing neuropsychiatric problems and some changes in the performance of neurobehavioral functions either by facilitation or inhibition. So, revision of standard guidelines for public exposure to RER from mobile phone base station antennas and using of NBTB for regular assessment and early detection of biological effects among inhabitants around the stations are recommended.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W81-4KJ6KKX-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1066658899&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=150ba251c82e9c3086af791d8123cbe1

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Biological effects from electromagnetic field exposure and public exposure standards.

Hardell L, Sage C.

Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Orebro, Sweden. lennart.hardell@orebroll.se

During recent years there has been increasing public concern on potential health risks from power-frequency fields (extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields; ELF) and from radiofrequency/microwave radiation emissions (RF) from wireless communications. Non-thermal (low-intensity) biological effects have not been considered for regulation of microwave exposure, although numerous scientific reports indicate such effects. The BioInitiative Report is based on an international research and public policy initiative to give an overview of what is known of biological effects that occur at low-intensity electromagnetic fields (EMFs) exposure. Health endpoints reported to be associated with ELF and/or RF include childhood leukaemia, brain tumours, genotoxic effects, neurological effects and neurodegenerative diseases, immune system deregulation, allergic and inflammatory responses, breast cancer, miscarriage and some cardiovascular effects. The BioInitiative Report concluded that a reasonable suspicion of risk exists based on clear evidence of bioeffects at environmentally relevant levels, which, with prolonged exposures may reasonably be presumed to result in health impacts. Regarding ELF a new lower public safety limit for habitable space adjacent to all new or upgraded power lines and for all other new constructions should be applied. A new lower limit should also be used for existing habitable space for children and/or women who are pregnant. A precautionary limit should be adopted for outdoor, cumulative RF exposure and for cumulative indoor RF fields with considerably lower limits than existing guidelines, see the BioInitiative Report. The current guidelines for the US and European microwave exposure from mobile phones, for the brain are 1.6 W/Kg and 2 W/Kg, respectively. Since use of mobile phones is associated with an increased risk for brain tumour after 10 years, a new biologically based guideline is warranted. Other health impacts associated with exposure to electromagnetic fields not summarized here may be found in the BioInitiative Report at www.bioinitiative.org. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18242044

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Magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks in brain cells of the rat.

Lai H, Singh NP.

Bioelectromagnetics Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-7962, USA. hlai@u.washington.edu

In previous research, we found that rats acutely (2 hr) exposed to a 60-Hz sinusoidal magnetic field at intensities of 0.1-0.5 millitesla (mT) showed increases in DNA single- and double-strand breaks in their brain cells. Further research showed that these effects could be blocked by pretreating the rats with the free radical scavengers melatonin and N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone, suggesting the involvement of free radicals. In the present study, effects of magnetic field exposure on brain cell DNA in the rat were further investigated. Exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field at 0.01 mT for 24 hr caused a significant increase in DNA single- and double-strand breaks. Prolonging the exposure to 48 hr caused a larger increase. This indicates that the effect is cumulative. In addition, treatment with Trolox (a vitamin E analog) or 7-nitroindazole (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) blocked magnetic-field-induced DNA strand breaks. These data further support a role of free radicals on the effects of magnetic fields. Treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone also blocked the effects of magnetic fields on brain cell DNA, suggesting the involvement of iron. Acute magnetic field exposure increased apoptosis and necrosis of brain cells in the rat. We hypothesize that exposure to a 60-Hz magnetic field initiates an iron-mediated process (e.g., the Fenton reaction) that increases free radical formation in brain cells, leading to DNA strand breaks and cell death. This hypothesis could have an important implication for the possible health effects associated with exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields in the public and occupational environments.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15121512

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Setting prudent public health policy for electromagnetic field exposures.

Carpenter DO, Sage C.

Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA. carpent@uamail.albany.edu

Electromagnetic fields (EMF) permeate our environment, coming both from such natural sources as the sun and from manmade sources like electricity, communication technologies and medical devices. Although life on earth would not be possible without sunlight, increasing evidence indicates that exposures to the magnetic fields associated with electricity and to communication frequencies associated with radio, television, WiFi technology, and mobile cellular phones pose significant hazards to human health. The evidence is strongest for leukemia from electricity-frequency fields and for brain tumors from communication-frequency fields, yet evidence is emerging for an association with other diseases as well, including neurodegenerative diseases. Some uncertainty remains as to the mechanism(s) responsible for these biological effects, and as to which components of the fields are of greatest importance. Nevertheless, regardless of whether the associations are causal, the strengths of the associations are sufficiently strong that in the opinion of the authors, taking action to reduce exposures is imperative, especially for the fetus and children. Inaction is not compatible with the Precautionary Principle, as enunciated by the Rio Declaration. Because of ubiquitous exposure, the rapidly expanding development of new EMF technologies and the long latency for the development of such serious diseases as brain cancers, the failure to take immediate action risks epidemics of potentially fatal diseases in the future.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18763539?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=9

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Long-term use of cellular phones and brain tumours: increased risk associated with use for > or =10 years.

Hardell L, Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Mild KH, Morgan LL.

Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Orebro, Sweden. lennart.hardell@orebroll.se

AIM: To evaluate brain tumour risk among long-term users of cellular telephones. METHODS: Two cohort studies and 16 case-control studies on this topic were identified. Data were scrutinised for use of mobile phone for > or =10 years and ipsilateral exposure if presented. RESULTS: The cohort study was of limited value due to methodological shortcomings in the study. Of the 16 case-control studies, 11 gave results for > or =10 years’ use or latency period. Most of these results were based on low numbers. An association with acoustic neuroma was found in four studies in the group with at least 10 years’ use of a mobile phone. No risk was found in one study, but the tumour size was significantly larger among users. Six studies gave results for malignant brain tumours in that latency group. All gave increased odd ratios (OR), especially for ipsilateral exposure. In a meta-analysis, ipsilateral cell phone use for acoustic neuroma was OR = 2.4 (95% CI 1.1 to 5.3) and OR = 2.0, (1.2 to 3.4) for glioma using a tumour latency period of > or =10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Results from present studies on use of mobile phones for > or =10 years give a consistent pattern of increased risk for acoustic neuroma and glioma. The risk is highest for ipsilateral exposure.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17409179

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Epidemiological evidence for an association between use of wireless phones and tumor diseases.

Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K.

Department of Oncology, University Hospital, SE-701 85 Orebro, Sweden.

During recent years there has been increasing public concern on potential cancer risks from microwave emissions from wireless phones. We evaluated the scientific evidence for long-term mobile phone use and the association with certain tumors in case-control studies, mostly from the Hardell group in Sweden and the Interphone study group. Regarding brain tumors the meta-analysis yielded for glioma odds ratio (OR)=1.0, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.9-1.1. OR increased to 1.3, 95% CI=1.1-1.6 with 10 year latency period, with highest risk for ipsilateral exposure (same side as the tumor localisation), OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.4-2.4, lower for contralateral exposure (opposite side) OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.9-1.7. Regarding acoustic neuroma OR=1.0, 95% CI=0.8-1.1 was calculated increasing to OR=1.3, 95% CI=0.97-1.9 with 10 year latency period. For ipsilateral exposure OR=1.6, 95% CI=1.1-2.4, and for contralateral exposure OR=1.2, 95% CI=0.8-1.9 were found. Regarding meningioma no consistent pattern of an increased risk was found. Concerning age, highest risk was found in the age group <20 years at time of first use of wireless phones in the studies from the Hardell group. For salivary gland tumors, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and testicular cancer no consistent pattern of an association with use of wireless phones was found. One study on uveal melanoma yielded for probable/certain mobile phone use OR=4.2, 95% CI=1.2-14.5. One study on intratemporal facial nerve tumor was not possible to evaluate due to methodological shortcomings. In summary our review yielded a consistent pattern of an increased risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma after >10 year mobile phone use. We conclude that current standard for exposure to microwaves during mobile phone use is not safe for long-term exposure and needs to be revised.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268551

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http://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijo/article.jsp?article_id=ijo_32_5_1097

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Increased blood–

brain barrier permeability in mammalian brain 7 days after exposure to the radiation from a GSM-900 mobile phone

Henrietta Nittby^{a, ,} , Arne Brun^b, Jacob Eberhardt^c, Lars Malmgren^d, Bertil R.R. Persson^c and Leif G. Salforda

Abstract

Microwaves were for the first time produced by humans in 1886 when radio waves were broadcasted and received. Until then microwaves had only existed as a part of the cosmic background radiation since the birth of universe. By the following utilization of microwaves in telegraph communication, radars, television and above all, in the modern mobile phone technology, mankind is today exposed to microwaves at a level up to 10²⁰ times the original background radiation since the birth of universe.

Our group has earlier shown that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by mobile phones alters the permeability of the blood–

brain barrier (BBB), resulting in albumin extravasation immediately and 14 days after 2 h of exposure.

In the background section of this report, we present a thorough review of the literature on the demonstrated effects (or lack of effects) of microwave exposure upon the BBB.

Furthermore, we have continued our own studies by investigating the effects of GSM mobile phone radiation upon the blood–

brain barrier permeability of rats 7 days after one occasion of 2 h of exposure. Forty-eight rats were exposed in TEM-cells for 2 h at non-thermal specific absorption rates (SARs) of 0 mW/kg, 0.12 mW/kg, 1.2 mW/kg, 12 mW/kg and 120 mW/kg. Albumin extravasation over the BBB, neuronal albumin uptake and neuronal damage were assessed.

Albumin extravasation was enhanced in the mobile phone exposed rats as compared to sham controls after this 7-day recovery period (Fisher’s exact probability test, p = 0.04 and Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.012), at the SAR-value of 12 mW/kg (Mann–

Whitney, p = 0.007) and with a trend of increased albumin extravasation also at the SAR-values of 0.12 mW/kg and 120 mW/kg. There was a low, but significant correlation between the exposure level (SAR-value) and occurrence of focal albumin extravasation (r_s = 0.33; p = 0.04).

The present findings are in agreement with our earlier studies where we have seen increased BBB permeability immediately and 14 days after exposure. We here discuss the present findings as well as the previous results of altered BBB permeability from our and other laboratories.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19345073

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Electromagn Biol Med. 2008;27(3):215-29.

Blood-brain barrier permeability and nerve cell damage in rat brain 14 and 28 days after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones.

Eberhardt JL, Persson BR, Brun AE, Salford LG, Malmgren LO.

Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. Jacob.Eberhardt@med.lu.se

We investigated the effects of global system for mobile communication (GSM) microwave exposure on the permeability of the blood-brain barrier and signs of neuronal damage in rats using a real GSM programmable mobile phone in the 900 MHz band. Ninety-six non-anaesthetized rats were either exposed to microwaves or sham exposed in TEM-cells for 2 h at specific absorption rates of average whole-body Specific Absorption Rates (SAR) of 0.12, 1.2, 12, or 120 mW/kg. The rats were sacrificed after a recovery time of either 14 or 28 d, following exposure and the extravazation of albumin, its uptake into neurons, and occurrence of damaged neurons was assessed. Albumin extravazation and also its uptake into neurons was seen to be enhanced after 14 d (Kruskal Wallis test: p = 0.02 and 0.002, respectively), but not after a 28 d recovery period. The occurrence of dark neurons in the rat brains, on the other hand, was enhanced later, after 28 d (p = 0.02). Furthermore, in the 28-d brain samples, neuronal albumin uptake was significantly correlated to occurrence of damaged neurons (Spearman r = 0.41; p < 0.01).

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18821198

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Radio frequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats.

Mailankot M, Kunnath AP, Jayalekshmi H, Koduru B, Valsalan R.

Department of Biochemistry, Melaka Manipal, Medical College, Manipal, India.

INTRODUCTION: Mobile phones have become indispensable in the daily lives of men and women around the globe. As cell phone use has become more widespread, concerns have mounted regarding the potentially harmful effects of RF-EMR from these devices. OBJECTIVE: The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of RF-EMR from mobile phones on free radical metabolism and sperm quality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male albino Wistar rats (10-12 weeks old) were exposed to RF-EMR from an active GSM (0.9/1.8 GHz) mobile phone for 1 hour continuously per day for 28 days. Controls were exposed to a mobile phone without a battery for the same period. The phone was kept in a cage with a wooden bottom in order to address concerns that the effects of exposure to the phone could be due to heat emitted by the phone rather than to RF-EMR alone. Animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last exposure and tissues of interest were harvested. RESULTS: One hour of exposure to the phone did not significantly change facial temperature in either group of rats. No significant difference was observed in total sperm count between controls and RF-EMR exposed groups. However, rats exposed to RF-EMR exhibited a significantly reduced percentage of motile sperm. Moreover, RF-EMR exposure resulted in a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and low GSH content in the testis and epididymis. CONCLUSION: Given the results of the present study, we speculate that RF-EMR from mobile phones negatively affects semen quality and may impair male fertility.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19578660?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

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Prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phone use and behavioral problems in children.

Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J.

Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772, USA.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization has emphasized the need for research into the possible effects of radiofrequency fields in children. We examined the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phones and behavioral problems in young children. METHODS: Mothers were recruited to the Danish National Birth Cohort early in pregnancy. When the children of those pregnancies reached 7 years of age in 2005 and 2006, mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the current health and behavioral status of children, as well as past exposure to cell phone use. Mothers evaluated the child’s behavior problems using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. RESULTS: Mothers of 13,159 children completed the follow-up questionnaire reporting their use of cell phones during pregnancy as well as current cell phone use by the child. Greater odds ratios for behavioral problems were observed for children who had possible prenatal or postnatal exposure to cell phone use. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio for a higher overall behavioral problems score was 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 1.45-2.23) in children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure to cell phones. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to cell phones prenatally-and, to a lesser degree, postnatally-was associated with behavioral difficulties such as emotional and hyperactivity problems around the age of school entry. These associations may be noncausal and may be due to unmeasured confounding. If real, they would be of public health concern given the widespread use of this technology.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18467962?ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

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Pathophysiology. 2009 Aug;16(2-3):157-77. Epub 2009 Apr 23.

Disturbance of the immune system by electromagnetic fields-A potentially underlying cause for cellular damage and tissue repair reduction which could lead to disease and impairment.

Johansson O.

The Experimental Dermatology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

A number of papers dealing with the effects of modern, man-made electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the immune system are summarized in the present review. EMFs disturb immune function through stimulation of various allergic and inflammatory responses, as well as effects on tissue repair processes. Such disturbances increase the risks for various diseases, including cancer. These and the EMF effects on other biological processes (e.g. DNA damage, neurological effects, etc.) are now widely reported to occur at exposure levels significantly below most current national and international safety limits. Obviously, biologically based exposure standards are needed to prevent disruption of normal body processes and potential adverse health effects of chronic exposure. Based on this review, as well as the reviews in the recent Bioinitiative Report [http://www.bioinitiative.org/] [C.F. Blackman, M. Blank, M. Kundi, C. Sage, D.O. Carpenter, Z. Davanipour, D. Gee, L. Hardell, O. Johansson, H. Lai, K.H. Mild, A. Sage, E.L. Sobel, Z. Xu, G. Chen, The Bioinitiative Report-A Rationale for a Biologically-based Public Exposure Standard for Electromagnetic Fields (ELF and RF), 2007)], it must be concluded that the existing public safety limits are inadequate to protect public health, and that new public safety limits, as well as limits on further deployment of untested technologies, are warranted.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398310?ordinalpos=14&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_DefaultReportPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum

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Pathophysiology. 2009 Aug;16(2-3):71-8. Epub 2009 Mar 5.

Electromagnetic fields stress living cells.

Blank M, Goodman R.

Department of Physiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.

Electromagnetic fields (EMF), in both ELF (extremely low frequency) and radio frequency (RF) ranges, activate the cellular stress response, a protective mechanism that induces the expression of stress response genes, e.g., HSP70, and increased levels of stress proteins, e.g., hsp70. The 20 different stress protein families are evolutionarily conserved and act as ‘chaperones’ in the cell when they ‘help’ repair and refold damaged proteins and transport them across cell membranes. Induction of the stress response involves activation of DNA, and despite the large difference in energy between ELF and RF, the same cellular pathways respond in both frequency ranges. Specific DNA sequences on the promoter of the HSP70 stress gene are responsive to EMF, and studies with model biochemical systems suggest that EMF could interact directly with electrons in DNA. While low energy EMF interacts with DNA to induce the stress response, increasing EMF energy in the RF range can lead to breaks in DNA strands. It is clear that in order to protect living cells, EMF safety limits must be changed from the current thermal standard, based on energy, to one based on biological responses that occur long before the threshold for thermal changes.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268550

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Electrohypersensitivity: state-of-the-art of a functional impairment.

Johansson O.

Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, The Experimental Dermatology Unit, Stockholm, Sweden. olle.johansson@ki.se

Recently, a new category of persons, claiming to suffer from exposure to electromagnetic fields, has been described in the literature. In Sweden, electrohypersensitivity (EHS) is an officially fully recognized functional impairment (i.e., it is not regarded as a disease). Survey studies show that somewhere between 230,000-290,000 Swedish men and women report a variety of symptoms when being in contact with electromagnetic field (EMF) sources. The aim of our studies has been to investigate possible alterations, in the cellular and neuronal systems of these person’ skin. As controls, age- and sex-matched persons, without any subjective or clinical symptoms or dermatological history, served. Immunohistochemistry using antisera to the previously characterized marker substances of interest has been utilized. In summary, it is evident from our preliminary data that various alterations are present in the electrohypersensitive person’ skin. In view of recent epidemiological studies, pointing to a correlation between long-term exposure from power-frequent magnetic fields or microwaves and cancer, our data ought to be taken seriously and further analyzed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178584

Cindy Sage:  Bioinitiative Report Video

Dr. Magda Havas: Cell Phones & Cigarettes: What do they have in Common?

Dr. Magda Havas: Cell/Transmission Towers & Your Health

Dr. Martin Blank: Electromagnetic Fields and Health Risk 

Electromagnetic Health.org  Audio interviews: “Listen to the Experts” 

The Council on Wireless Technology Impacts presents: 

Public Exposure part 1  Public Exposure part 2 

Videos  from San Francisco CA SNAFU

Dr. Mercola: “Does a cell phone’s radiation effect stop when the call ends”

Is it a real or a fake Saguaro Cactus?  Cell Phone Towers

For a comprehensive list of books: Less EMF

Sonoma County     

Santa Cruz County  

Alameda County

San Francisco County

Support the Bioinitiative Report Bioinitiative Petition 

Repeal section 704 of the 1996 Telecommunications Act  Clout Now  

E-petition to Congress Electromagnetic Health.org petition  

Public Health Hazard: Halt universal wireless broadband 

  (alphabetically listed)

Abracecel: Brazil: http://www.abradecel.org.br

Alliance for Irish Radiation Protection http://www.eirewaves.com/

Antenas Agui NAO Portugal http://antenasaquinao.blogspot.com/2009/04/antenas-de-telemovel-retiradas-da.html

Arthur Firstenberg: The Largest Biological Experiment Ever:  http://proliberty.com/observer/20070307.htm

Artists Against Wi-fi: http://www.facebook.com/pages/Artists-Against-WiFi/105666932809

Associated Bioelectromagnetics Technologists: http://www.emfbioeffects.org/

Asociation Vallisoletana de Afectados por las Antenas de telefonia http://www.avaate.org/  

Australian Centre for RF Bioeffects Research:  http://acrbr.org.au/SW2008/SW08.aspx?section=Keynote

Ban the Tower: New Zealand: http://www.banthetower.co.nz/blogs/index.php?itemid=202

Bioinitiative Report: http://bioinitiative.org

Blake Levitt http://www.blakelevit.com

Burgerwelle: Germany: http://www.buergerwelle.de

California Brain Tumor Association http://www.cabta.org/CABTA/CABTA.html

Cell Phone Lies: http://www.cellphonelies.com

Cell Slayer: http://www.cellslayer.com/

Cellular Towers, EMR, and Health Effects: http://www.iconika.com/cellular/Cellular Towers – science facts and a mother’s fight.pdf

Clean Energy Foundation Canada: http://www.cleanenergycanada.com/

CFL Impact: http://www.cflimpact.com/

Citizens Against Un-Safe Emissions: www.causetm.ca

Citizens for Safe Technology Canada http://www.citizensforsafetechnology.org/

Coalition for Local Oversight of Utility Technologies CLOUT: https://www.cloutnow.org/

Coalition to Regulate Antennae Siting USA: http://www.safeantenna.org/index.php

Coghill Research Lab UK: http://www.cogreslab.co.uk/

Canyon Area Residents for the Environment Colorado USA: http://www.c-a-r-e.org/

Collaborative on Health and the Environment CHE EMF:  http://www.healthandenvironment.org/working_groups/emf

Council on Wireless Technology Impacts, CA http://www.wirelessimpacts.org/

Detect and Protect: Preventative healthcare for the wireless world: http://www.detect-protect.com/k/

Dirty Electricity, Electrification and the Diseases of Civilization http://sammilham.com/

Dirty Electricity: http://www.dirtyelectricity.ca/

Dr. Andrew Marino: http://andrewamarino.com/comments.html

Dr. Devra Davis: http://www.devradavis.com/topic-cellphones.php 

Dr. George Carlo USA:  http://www.safewireless.org/

Dr. Magda Havas: www.magdahavas.com  www.magdahavas.org

Dr. Neil Cherry: New Zealand:  http://www.neilcherry.com/  

Dr. Vini Kharuna-brain surgeon Austrailia:  http://www.brain-surgery.us/

Danish Association of Electrosensitives: http://www.el-allergi.dk/

Dutch EHS Foundation: http://www.stichtingehs.nl/content/view/64/1/

Dutch National Platform on Radiation Risks http://www.stralingsrisicos.nl/

Ecological Options Network: California http://www.eon3.net/ 

Ecopolitan-Eco Health Network: http://www.emfpollution.com/

Electricsense.com England http://www.electricsense.com/

Electrical Pollution Solutions: http://www.electricalpollution.com/

Electrical Sensitivity/Yahoo group: http://health.groups.yahoo.com/group/eSens/

Electrical Sensitivity and Electrical Pollution Information: http://home.comcast.net/~es_info/

Electrosensitivity.org: http://www.electrosensitivity.org/

ElectroSensitivity Support ESS USA: http://www.electrosensitivity-support.com/

Electrosensitivity UK: http://www.es-uk.info/

ElecktrOSE http://www.elektrose.net/spip/spip.php?rubrique18〈=en

ElektroSMOG News: http://www.elektrosmognews.de/

Electromagnetic Health: http://electromagnetichealth.org/

Electromagnetism & Life: Dr. Robert Becker and Dr. Andrew Marino:  http://www.ortho.lsuhsc.edu/Faculty/Marino/EL/ELTOC.htm

EM Watch EMF Safety and Health http://www.emwatch.com/Cellmasts.htm

EM Radiation Health Alliance- B.C. Canada http://emrabc.ca/

EM Radiation Research Trust UK:  http://www.radiationresearch.org/

EMF Damage: http://www.emfdamage.com/

EMF Effects Consulting:  http://www.emfinterface.com/

EMF Effects on Kids: http://www.emfeffectsonkids.com/EMF Effects/index.html

EMF Facts Consultancy Australia http://www.emfacts.com

EMF Health Report: http://infoventures.com/emf/hrpt/

EMF Information: Colonel Joe: http://www.coljoe.com/emf_info.htm

EMF Interface: http://www.emfinterface.com/

EMF Journal http://emfjournal.wordpress.com/

EMF-NET  http://web.jrc.ec.europa.eu/emf%2Dnet/index.cfm

EMF Safe Home Vancouver Canada: http://www.emfsafehome.com/index.htm

EMF Safety Network CA USA http://www.emfsafetynetwork.org

EMF Sensitivity: http://emfsensitivity.com/index.html

EMF Services Florida: http://www.emfservices.com/index.htm

EMF-PORTAL: http://www.emf-portal.de/motivation.php?l=e

EMF Solutions Canada: http://www.emfsolutions.ca/

EMR Australia: http://www.emraustralia.com.au/

EMR Effects New Zealand: http://www.emr.co.nz 

EMR Policy Institute VT USA: http://www.emrpolicy.org/

EMR Safety Network International http://www.geocities.com/emrsafety/information.htm

The EMR Network VT USA: http://www.emrnetwork.org/

EMR Surveys: http://www.emrsurveys.com.au/index.html

Environment Health and Safety Online: http://ehso.com/ehshome/emf.htm

Environmental Illness Netherlands:  http://www.milieuziektes.nl/Pagina100.html

ES Help: http://www.eshelp.netfirms.com/index.htm

Expel Cell Towers: No Towers at School http://expelcelltowers.org/

FEB Sweden Electrosensitivity: http://www.feb.se/index_int.htm

Fight the Tower Camp Meeker CA USA: http://fightthetower.com/

Forum Mobilkommunikation/ Austria: http://www.fmk.at/

Glendale (CA) Organized Against Cell Towers GOACT: www.getthecelloutofhere.com

Guinea Pigs R US: USA: http://guineapigsrus.org/

Glastonbury England Why Wi-Fi Campaign: 

http://www.glastonburynaturalhealth.co.uk/WhyWi-Fi.html 

H.E.S.E. Project:: http://www.hese-project.org/

Independent Expert group on Mobile phones UK: http://www.iegmp.org.uk/

Institute for Inquiry: http://www.instituteforinquiry.org/

International Commission for Electromagnetic Safety (ICEMS): http://www.icems.eu

International Coalition for an Electromagnetic Safe Planet: http://www.ic-esp.org/

International MCS/EMS Awareness: http://www.nettally.com/prusty/mcs.htm

Italian Association for the Electrosensitive: http://www.elettrosensibili.it/

Jersey Mobile Mast Concern Group: UK http://www.jerseymastconcern.co.uk/theresearch.html

Korean EMF Pages: http://emf.or.kr/

Life Energies EMF mitigation and education: http://www.LifeEnergies.com/

Likely Mountain Lookout: http://www.alikelydeath.com/index.htm

Marin Project: Are Wireless technologies Making Us Sick?:  http://www.marinproject.org/index.html

Mast Action UK http://www.mastaction.co.uk/

Mast Sanity UK: http://www.mastsanity.org/

Mast-Victims.org discussion forum: http://www.mast-victims.org

Microwave news- Dr. Louis Slesin: http://www.microwavenews.com

Mission Viejo Cell Out CA USA:  www.MVcell-out.org

Mobile Impact: Brandon New Jersey: http://brandonfarmswatertower.com/wordpress/

Mobile Mast Action Group: http://freespace.virgin.net/mast.action/

MOBILEFUNK-Initiative: Austria: http://www.plattform-mobilfunk-initiativen.at

Mom’s For Safe Wireless http://www.momsforsafewireless.org/

Neuert Electromagnetic Services CA USA: http:/www.emfcenter.com

Next-Up News of the World France: http://www.next-up.org

No Cell Tower ln Our Neighborhood http://sites.google.com/site/nocelltowerinourneighborhood/

No Marinwood Tower: http://sites.google.com/site/nomarinwoodtower/Home

No Masts: http://www.nomasts.org/

No More Towers: http://nomoretowers.org/home.html

No Radiation for you  http://www.norad4u.com/

Nordic Society for Radiation Protection:  http://www.nsfs.org/index.php?lang=_eng&groupid=5&contentid=

Norwegian Association for the Electro-Hypersensitive: http://www.felo.no/

Ouruhia, Christ Church, NZ: http://canterbury.cyberplace.org.nz/ouruhia/

Overcoming Electrical Sensitivity: http://www.electrical-sensitivity.info/

Pendle Residents Against Insensitive Siting of Masts: http://homepage.ntlworld.com/cad-designs/prism/about/about.htm

People’s Initiative Foundation: Santa Monica CA: http://www.thepeoplesinitiative.org/

Physicians and Scientists for Responsible Application of Science and Technology http://www.psrast.org/mobileng/mobilstarteng.htm

Plan Wireless:http://www.planwireless.com/

Powerline EMF and Human Health:  http://www.ortho.lsuhsc.edu/Faculty/Marino/Powerline/PowerlineTOC.html

Power Watch Alasdair Phillips UK: http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/

Radiation Education: EMR Safety For Kids- by kids http://www.radiationeducation.com/

RF.com Canada: http://www.rfcom.ca/welcome/index.shtml

Robin Des Toits (National Association for Safe Technologies) France:

http://www.robindestoits.org/Ondes-de-choc-Le-Mag-France-3-Rhone-Alpes-28-03-2009_a785.html

Rule of Law Defenders/Canada: http://www.hosnyinfo.com/home

Safe Living Technologies Inc. Canada: http://www.safelivingtechnologies.ca/

Sage EMF Design, environmental consulting CA USA: http://www.silcom.com/~sage/emf/

Science and Public Policy Institute USA: http://www.safewireless.org/

Silencing the Fields-Ed Leeper: http://www.silencingthefields.com/index.html

SNAFU: San Francisco California USA:  http://www.antennafreeunion.org/

Stetzer Electric RF filters: http://www.stetzerelectric.com/

Stop Cell Towers: http://www.stopcelltowers.ca/

Stop-Radiation.com: http://www.stop-radiation.com/main.php

Stop Transmission lines Over People: Canada: http://www.stop-emf.ca

Stop UMTS!:  http://www.stopumts.nl/english.php/

Stray Voltage.org: http://www.strayvoltage.org

Teletruth: Alliance for Customer Telecommunications Rights: http://teletruth.org/

Tetra Watch! UK: http://www.tetrawatch.net/main/index.php

Those With Chemical Sensitivities and Electrical Sensitiviy Build New Lives: http://www.ctaz.com/~bhima/

Valdemar Gisli Valdemarsson /Iceland:  http://www.isholf.is/vgv/

Wave-Guide EMF RFR Bio effects and Public policy:  http://www.wave-guide.org/

WAVR Wave Analysis and Verification Research http://www.wavr.org/

WEEP Initiative Canada: http://www.weepinitiative.org/index.html

West San Pedro Alliance http://westsanpedro.org/links.htm

Wi-Fi in Primary Schools-New Zealand: http://www.webshack.co.nz/wifiinschools.htm

Wi-Fi in Schools UK: http://wifiinschools.org.uk/index.html

Wired Child UK: http://wiredchild.org/

Wireless Victims Lawyer | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France, Great Britain, Spain, USA:  http://wireless-victims-lawyer.info/index.html

Wireless Watch Blog:  http://www.wirelesswatchblog.com/

Your Own Health and Fitness:  

http://www.yourownhealthandfitness.org/Topics/topicsRadiation.php

In addition: 

Next-Up List of 100 Global EMF Web Sites:

http://www.next-up.org/pdf/Web_Top_100_Emf_Cem_15_05_2009.pdf

Updated 11/01/2009 Sandi Maurer

EMF Safety Network PO Box 1016 Sebastopol CA 95473  www.emfsafetynetwork.org

EMF and RF World Concerns Summary

The following is a compilation of what government, public health and environment organizations and officials, independent scientists, health advocacy groups and activists are advocating around the world in response to the proliferation of electromagnetic fields, and especially 2.4 GHZ microwave radiation.

International Resolutions Advocating a Precautionary Approach to the Use and Expansion of Wireless Technologies:

Vienna resolution 1998 http://www.icems.eu/docs/resolutions/Vienna_Resolution_1998.pdf

Salzburg Austria Resolution 2000: http://www.salzburg.gv.at/salzburg_resolution_e.pdf

Catania Italy 2002 http://www.emrpolicy.org/faq/catania.pdf

Benevento Italy Resolution 2006 http://www.icems.eu/benevento_resolution.htm

London Resolution 2007: http://www.icems.eu/docs/resolutions/London_res.pdf

Venice Italy Resolution 2008 http://www.icems.eu/resolution.htm 

Porto Alegre Resolution 2009: http://www.icems.eu/docs/resolutions/Porto_Alegre_Resolution.pdf

Wingspread Conference on the Precautionary principle: http://www.sehn.org/wing.html

 Wi-Fi 

European Environmental Agency advises the precautionary principle for wi-fi:

http://www.eea.europa.eu/highlights/radiation-risk-from-everyday-devices-assessed

http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/eu-watchdog-calls-for-urgent-action-on-wifi-radiation-402539.html

German Government advises against wi-fi: 

http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/germany-warns-citizens-to-avoid-using-wifi-401845.html

http://www.icems.eu/docs/deutscher_bundestag.pdf

France National Library and several other Paris libraries are wi-fi-free http://www.next-up.org/pdf/FranceNationalLibraryGivesUpWiFi07042008.pdf

http://lavieverte.wordpress.com/2008/05/23/public-libraries-in-paris-shut-down-wifi-in-response-to-health-worries/

(USA) Progressive Librarians Guild urges the precautionary principle for wi-fi in libraries June 2008 http://libr.org/plg/wifiresolution.php

UK: The Association of Teachers and Lecturers (ATL) with 160,000 members has called for a government investigation into the biological and thermal effects of “wi-fi” networks. http://news.scotsman.com/education/39Wifi-in-schools-may-give.5156371.jp

France: Paris City Council launched a study on wi-fi June 2008 (in french) http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2008/06/16/wi-fi-le-conseil-de-paris-lance-une-etude-sur-les-risques-sanitaires_1058950_651865.html#ens_id=1053227

Penang Malaysia to study health effects of Wi-Fi. October 2008 http://freepage.twoday.net/stories/5250937/

England: Health Protection Agency launches study on health effects of wi-fi Oct 2007: 

http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2007/oct/13/internet.internetphonesbroadband

Austria medical association pressing for a ban on wi-fi in schools http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1549944/Warning-on-wi-fi-health-risk-to-children.htm

Herouville St Claire Normandy removes Wi-Fi from schools http://freepage.twoday.net/stories/5670096/

USA: Sebastopol CA. City Council chooses the precautionary principle and terminates contract for free city wide Wi-Fi: 

http://www1.pressdemocrat.com/article/20080324/NEWS/803240314/1033/NEWS

Sebastopol Area wi-fi petition: http://www.petitiononline.com/mufifree/petition.html

Canada: July 2008 City Council of Thorold rescinds city wide wi-fi contract:

http://www.stcatharinesstandard.ca/ArticleDisplay.aspx?e=1097589

Canada, Lakehead University wifi-free policy http://policies.lakeheadu.ca/policy.php?pid=178

European Parliament Sept 2008 voted 522 to 16 to adopt text: ”is greatly concerned at the Bio-Initiative international report concerning EMFs, which summarises over 1500 studies on that topic and which points in its conclusions to the health risks posed by emissions from mobile-telephony devices such as mobile telephones, UMTS, WiFi, WiMax and Bluetooth, and also DECT landline ” “”The limits on exposure to electromagnetic fields [EMFs] which have been set for the general public are obsolete.” http://new.marketwire.com/2.0/release.do?id=901580

England schools dismantle wireless networks: http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article642575.ece 

Bavarian federal state parliament advises schools against Wi-fi: (in German). http://www.buergerwelle-schweiz.org/fileadmin/user_upload/buergerwelle-schweiz/Mobilfunk/MF_03.07_Kein_WLAN_in_bayer._Schulen.pdf

England: Teachers union call to suspend WiFi in schools:http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1039235/Suspend-wi-fi-schools-says-union-chief-following-reports-causes-ill-health.html 

Glastonbury residents “Why Wi-Fi” Campaign http://www.glastonburynaturalhealth.co.uk/WhyWi-Fi.html

Ireland: Jan 2008 The City of Dublin Ireland did not install wi-fi due to a EU law: http://www.rte.ie/news/2008/0109/wifi.html

Wi-fi code for Welch Schools http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/green-living/child-safety-fears-prompt-wifi-code-for-welsh-schools-403255.html

Frankfurt, Germany: Bans Wi-Fi in public schools (in German) http://www.buergerwelle-schweiz.org/fileadmin/user_upload/buergerwelle-schweiz/Mobilfunk/Frankf_Rund_keinWLAN.pdf

A new study in JAMA that found that wireless tracking systems in hospitals can interfere with lifesaving technologies. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080624/ap_on_he_me/med_microchip_dangers

Hospital Techies urge limits on ‘white space’ Wi-Fi. http://news.cnet.com/8301-10784_3-9930441-7.html

Spain: Ecologists in Action statement on WiFi: http://www.ecologistasenaccion.org/spip.php?article11598

http://www.es-uk.info/news/20080319_belmonte_en.pdf

GreenWarriors of Norway oppose wi-fi in schools http://www.miljovernforbundet.no/render.asp?articleno=1471&segment=1&session=

Dr. Magda Havas open letter to schools and teachers on Wi-Fi health risks:

http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/09_Havas_WiFi_schools.pdf

Austrian health director Dr. Gerd Oberfeld advising against wi-fi  http://www.antennafreeunion.org/salzburg.pdf

Sweden Prof. Olle Johansson scientisit wi-fi letter: http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/pdfs/20070723_wifi_olle.pdf

Dr. George Carlo wi-fi video http://www.mcs-international.org/red_alert_1_wifi_schoolchildren.html

Green party MEP/ concern with wi-fi in schools: http://www.carolinelucasmep.org.uk/2007/10/12/green-meps-demand-investigation-into-wifi-in-schools-after-study-links-electro-magnetic-fields-and-cancers/

(USA) Dr. Mercola wireless warning: http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2008/06/21/are-you-allergic-to-wireless-internet.aspx?source=nl

(Canada) Dr. Magda Havas Report opposing Wi-Fi in San Francisco:  http://www.magdahavas.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/07_Havas_WiFi-SNAFU.pdf

The Gathering Brainstorm: http://www.theecologist.org/pages/archive_detail.asp?content_id=1179

Dr. Jeff Fawcett: WiFi Blues: http://ezinearticles.com/?The-WiFi-Blues&id=169261

Wi-Fi in Schools UK http://wifiinschools.org.uk/index.html

Santa Fe Librarians letter supporting wi-fi free Public libraries: http://www.santafenewmexican.com/Opinion/Their-View-Librarians–Keep-public-library-Wi-Fi-free

“Wireless Networks (Wi-Fi) Consumer Health and Safety Advice” EMFacts handout  http://www.emfacts.com/wifi/

Other EMF and RF Actions and Concerns

Bioinitiative Report:  http://www.bioinitiative.org 

Bioinitiative Report video with co-author Cindy Sage http://www.youtube.com/v/7tZDor-_co0

Lichtenstein adopts Bioinitiative RF safety standard .6 volts per meter: http://www.next-up.org/pdf/Liechtenstein_confirms_its_intention_to_adopt_BioInitiative_standard_06Vm_09_06_2009.pdf

Brussels determines new EMR safety standard of 3 volts per meter  http://www.next-up.org/Newsoftheworld/Belgique.php#2

2009: The European Parliament passed the EMF Resolution calling for caution on the use and expansion of electromagnetic fields, particularly radiofrequency exposure from wireless technologies. The resolution was endorsed by an overwhelming margin of 559 members in favor, 22 opposed, and 8 abstaining. The EP calls on member states to follow the example of Sweden to recognize ES as a disability and grant adequate protection as well as equal opportunities. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P6-TA-2009-0216+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN 

French Health and Security Agency (Afsset) recommend reducing exposure to mobile phones and other portable wireless devices. OCT 2009 http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=CNG.9264422c2946d8bf1cb62cde139e996e.c21&show_article=1

2009:Breast Cancer Fund: Policy and Research Recommendations: Reduce Exposure to Radiation http://www.breastcancerfund.org/site/pp.asp?c=kwKXLdPaE&b=3959151 

(USA) NIEHS and NIOSH classifies EMF’s as a hazardous substance. NIEHS advocates prudent avoidance of EMF’s.http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/library/consumer/hazardous.cfm

Prudent avoidance has been adopted in Australia, Sweden, and several U.S. states, including California, Colorado, Hawaii, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Wisconsin. http://www.who.int/peh-emf/meetings/southkorea/en/Leeka_Kheifets_principle_.pdf

Collarborative on Health and the Environment CHE EMF statement http://www.healthandenvironment.org/wg_emf_news/772

California EMF program 7 million dollar gov’t mandated study. up to 95% certainty leukemia caused by EMF’s. Up to 80% certainty brain cancer related to EMF’s. Advocate prudent avoidance of EMF’s. http://www.dhs.ca.gov/ehib/emf/

2009 Counties of LA (CA), Pima (AZ) City of Portland Oregon, Cities of Sebastopol, Albany and Glendale CA pass resolutions requesting the federal government repeal section 704 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996.and/or requesting the FCC to update RF studies http://www.cloutnow.org/localres/ 

Chinese breakthrough study how EMFs promote childhood leukemia.  http://www.microwavenews.com/XRCC1.html

European Union adopts ALDE report adivsing the precautionary principle for EMF’s http://www.alde.eu/index.php?id=42&L=2&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=9559&cHash=2fec11e0cc

USA, NJ. Sussex County school to close due to unsafe power lines near playground 

http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/09/sussex_county_school_to_close.html

(USA) Dr. Robert Becker: http://www.energyfields.org/science/becker.html

(NZ) Dr. Neil Cherry: http://www.neilcherry.com/

(USA) Dr. Louis Slesin: http://www.microwavenews.com

(Canada) Dr. Magda Havas:www.magdahavas.com  www.magdahavas.org

Dr. Martin Blank video:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6wLFeIrCtU

Electrical Sensitivity

Germany 2002: Freiberger Appeal signed by 30,000 doctors http://www.starweave.com/freiburger/ 

2005 Ireland IDEA Irish doctors concern over EMR health effects http://www.ideaireland.org/emririshresearch.htm  

Switzerland: Dr. Rau Paracelsus Health Clinic : treats 10,000 people annually. They assess health in light of EMF exposure. Although health issues are multi factorial, his assessment is EMFs are a hidden factor in many illnesses: http://www.paracelsus.ch/welcome

US Access Board: Report on Indoor Environmental Quality Released http://access-board.gov/news/ieq.htm

Dr. Christine Aschermann: Observations from a Psychotherapy Practice on Mobile Telecommunications and DECT Telephones

http://emfsafetynetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/Aschermann2009.pdf

Nordic Council of Ministers: The Nordic Adaptation of Classification of Occupationally Related Disorders (Diseases and Symptoms) to ICD-10 ed. by F Levy and A Wannag. 2000. Lists Electromagnetic intolerance as an occupational disorder.http://www.nordclass.uu.se/verksam/NordICD10.pdf

France Eco village white zone for EHS recovery http://www.zoneblanche.fr/index-eng.html

2008: Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_sensitivity

Sweden: FEB Electrosensitivity: http://www.feb.se/index_int.htm

USA: Connecticut and Colorado Governors and Mayor of Broward County declare Proclamations: MAY 2009 Electromagnetic Sensitivity Awareness Month: http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/102653

The City of Colwood, BC Canada has declared August 2009 Electromagnetic Sensitivity Awareness month:http://colwood.fileprosite.com/FileStorage/0F1380D9502E4153B38C355BAB43124F-Mayors%20Press%20Release%20-%20EMS%20Sensitivity%20Month.pdf

The Mayor of Norris Arm, Newfoundland proclaimed October 2009 ‘”Electromagnetic Hypersenstiivity Awareness Month’.http://jimbenderoxford.blogspot.com/2009/10/mayor-of-norris-arm-newfoundland.html

Netherlands Electrohypersensitivity Questionaire Survey Results: http://www.stichtingehs.nl/images/stories/EHS/supplement_8.pdf

Dutch EHS Foundation: http://www.stichtingehs.nl/content/view/64/1/

Canada: Wireless Electrical and Electromagnetic Pollution News: http://www.weepinitiative.org/index.html

China internet addiction youth  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4327258.stm

South Korea govt study” internet addiction/ Millions of youth at risk. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/technology/18rehab.html

Spain: children treated for cell phone addiction: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7452463.stm

Canadian Human Rights commission: policy on environmental sensitivities http://www.chrcccdp.ca/legislation_policies/policy_environ_politique-en.asp

Cell Towers/ Antennas

CHILE 4 December 2009 The Appeal Court in Rancagua confirms the demolition of a mobile phone mast in Santa Cruz, Chile.

http://www.nextup.org/pdf/Emol_Appeal_Court_Chile_confirms_demolition_mobile_phone_mast_in_Santa_Cruz_04_12_2009.pdf

Cell-Phone Towers and Communities: The Struggle for Local Control B. Blake Levitt http://arts.envirolink.org/arts_and_activism/BlakeLevitt.html

2009: France: Versaille Court decision requiring a French telecom company to dismantle an existing cell tower in a residential area 

http://www.nextup.org/pdf/France_Versailles_Court_Of_Appeal_Judgement_Local_Living_Phone_Masts_Against_Compagny_Bouygues_Telecom_04_02_2009.pdf

2009 Botswana Africa: A controversial cell phone tower erected on the royal Phuthadikobo Hill has been destroyed by the villagers.

http://www.mmegi.bw/index.php?sid=1&aid=189&dir=2009/October/Monday12

Botswana Africa: Bakgatla, BTA, radiation and public safety http://sundaystandard.info/news/news_item.php?NewsID=5984&GroupID=5

UK EM Radiation Research Trustee Eileen O’Connor Report on base stations: http://www.radiationresearch.org/pdfs/20061101_base_stations_health_concerns.pdf 

2009 USA CA. The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals has affirmed a local government’s authority to deny antennas in public rights-of-way for aesthetic reasons. The case is Sprint PCS Assets, L.L.C. v. City of Palos Verdes Estates http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2009/10/13/05-56106.pdf   http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-ugly-telecoms26-2009oct26,0,5439620.story

2009 Hunnington Beach California: City leaders vote to move controversial cell phone tower

 http://www.ocregister.com/articles/city-phone-cell-2378582-tower-mobile

International Association of Firefighters moratorium of cell tower siting on Fire stations http://www.iaff.org/hs/Facts/CellTowerFinal.asp

Australian Democrats “Demand crackdown on mobile phone towers” http://www.democrats.org.au/news/index.htm?press_id=6417

http://www.democrats.org.au/docs/2007/Joining_the_Dots11.pdf

The American Bird Conservancy, Forest Conservation Council and Friends of the Earth brought a lawsuit against the FCC http://www.foe.org/new/news6.html  and the Federal Court Ordered Cell Tower Safeguards for Migrating Birds http://www.abcbirds.org/newsandreports/releases/080219.html

Israel bans antennaes on residences: http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/916666.html

Portugal opposes Cell tower http://www.portugalresident.com/portugalresident/showstory.asp?ID=28969

Taiwan removes 1500 cell towers near schools: http://www.chinapost.com.tw/taiwan/2007/11/06/129715/1500-cellphone.htm

Ukiah CA. rejects cell tower:  http://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/20080222/NEWS/802220314/1033/NEWS01

USA: Two radio towers in Washington State toppled  http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D9AGKD0O0&amp;show_article=1

Panama: Companies in need of antennas must share structures to hold them: 

http://laestrella.com.pa/mensual/2008/11/01/contenido/22550.asphttp://laestrella.com.pa/mensual/2008/11/01/contenido/22550.asp

Oregon, USA city school board unplugs cell towers: http://www.oregonlive.com/news/index.ssf/2008/09/west_linnwilsonville_school_bo.html

New Zealand citizens video appeal to Government (opposing cell towers)  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gw6av2W60KA

Los Angeles unified school district policy restricts cell sites on LA USD property and requires new schools to avoid siting near cell sites

http://www.lausd.k12.ca.us/lausd/board/secretary/html/agendas/mt/mt06-27-00.html

2009 Los Angeles Unified School District adopted a resolution that includes a statement in favor of repealing the Telecommunication Act of

1996’s preemption of consideration of health and environmental effects of wireless facilities. http://cloutnow.org/lausd/

Cyprus: House Health Committee demands action to protect the public from mobile phone masts. http://www.cyprus-mail.com/news/main.php?id=39623&cat_id=1

USA: CA: The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals overturned a 3-Judgepanel’s earlier decision and ruled that a wireless siting ordinance enacted by San Diego County is not preempted by the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Link to the decision:
http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/8748AF2058D98DD3882574C100012711/$file/0556076.pdf?openelement

Environment

2002 letter from the EPA (Environment Protection Agency)  stating the the FCC’s standards are “thermally based, and do not apply to chronic, non-thermal exposure situations”:http://www.emrnetwork.org/position/noi_response/noi_epa_response.pdf

Overloading of Towns and Cities with Radio Transmitters (Cellular Transmitter): a hazard for the human health and a disturbance of eco-ethics by Karl Hecht, Elena N. Savoley http://www.hese-project.org/hese-uk/en/niemr/hechtvortrag070724englisch.pdf

Institute for Inquiry: Wireless questions http://www.instituteforinquiry.org/inquiries/wireless.php

The Ecologist: Mobile Phones Could lead to bee decline: http://www.theecologist.org/pages/archive_detail.asp?content_id=865

India Study: Mobile phone towers and cell phones can pose a threat to honey bees, a study published in India has concluded.

http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20090831/ts_afp/indiaenvironmentbeesscience_20090831114116

Bees, Birds and Mankind: Destroying Nature by Electrosmog by Dr. Ulrich Warnke

http://www.broschuerenreihe.net/international/bees-birds-and-mankind/index.html

Mt. Shasta Bioregional Ecology Center: Health effects from cell tower radiation:

http://www.mountshastaecology.org/Archive/Health_Effects_from_Cell_Phone_Tower_Radiation.html

Organic Consumers Association:  http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_6388.cfm

Cell Phones

The Canadian Public Health Officer, David Butler-Jones, advised Canadians to limit their and their children’s use of cell phones until science resolves uncertainties about long term health effects. http://www.organicconsumers.org/Politics/cellphone071505.cfm

June 2008: France 20 top scientists warn about cell phones and brain cancer http://espanol.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/080615/tecnologia/francia_telecomunicaci__n_consumo_salud

July 2008 Study: Prenatal Cell Phone Exposure Tied to Children’s Behavior http://www.nytimes.com/reuters/technology/tech-prenatal-cell-phone.html

England:2000, the UK Independent Expert Group on Mobile Phones chaired by Sir William Stewart, reports that “a precautionary approach be adopted until more robust scientific information becomes available.”   www.iegmp.org.uk 

http://www.iegmp.org.uk/documents/iegmp_6.pdf

UK Health protection advises children under 16 to limit their use of mobile phone. 

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4196762.stm

Russian National Committee on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection advises against cell phones for 18 years and under http://emfsafetynetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/mobile-and-children-RNC.pdf

http://weepnews.blogspot.com/2008/04/rncnirp-mobile-phones-high-risk-for.html

India: limit cell phone use for youth under 16  http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?id=14695318 

Israel: Health Ministry calls for parents to limits kids cell phone use: http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1006175.html

India: ban on children and pregnant women in TV ads for cell phones http://www.bi-me.com/main.php?id=21423&t=1&c=33&cg=4&mset=

2004, the European Union’s EMF REFLEX Research Project is released, showing that mobile phone radiation (radiofrequency radiation) damages DNA in human cells. omega.twoday.net/stories/436261  

http://www.itis.ethz.ch/downloads/REFLEX_Final%20Report_171104.pdf

Madhya Pradesh, India: Bans cell phones in schools: http://www.indiaenews.com/education/20080718/132841.htm 

Australia: Cell phone warning http://au.todaytonight.yahoo.com/video#

French Ministry of Health cell phone warning  http://www.newsinferno.com/archives/2308

Canada, Toronto Public Health is advising children and teens to limit the time they spend on cellphones until more is known about potential health effects. Toronto Star, Ontario. http://healthzone.ca/health/article/459099

USA: July 2008 University of Pittsburg’s Cancer Intistute Dr. Ron Herberman’s memo to staff / Cell phone warning:http://www.post-gazette.com/downloads/20080722upci_cellphone_memo.pdf

USA September 2008 Rep. Dennis Kucinich holds Congressional Hearing on Cell Phone Health Effects

http://edition.cnn.com/2008/HEALTH/09/25/cellphones.cancer/index.html?iref=24hours

September 2008 Economist commentary on the Interphone Study ” Mobile Madness”: http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12295222

The Belgian Foundation against Cancer (www.cancer.be) issued a warning
concerning mobile phone use :
http://www.expatica.com/be/news/local_news/Calling-in-the-car-increases-risk-of-cancer.html

Finland: The Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority (STUK) has recommended restricting the use of mobile phones by children:http://yle.fi/uutiset/news/2009/01/authority_recommends_restricting_childrens_use_of_mobiles_466353.html

2009 National Safety Council calls for a nationwide ban on cell phones while driving

http://www.nsc.org/Pages/NationalSafetyCouncilCallsforNationwideBanonCellPhoneUseWhileDriving.aspx

World Health Organization Interphone study Results Update WHO INTERPHONE results update Oct. 2008

Lyon France advertising campaign against cell phones for kids under 12 http://www.lyon.fr/vdl/sections/fr/evenements/le_portable_avant_12

USA Boston: Cell phone Ban After Boston Trolley Crashhttp://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/10/us/10boston.html

Mobile phones to be banned in French primary schools to limit health risk http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6366590.ece

How Susceptible are Genes to Mobile Phone Radiation? by Prof. Franz Adlkofer, Prof. Igor Y. Belyaev, Vladislav M. Shiroff, and Dr. Karl Richter http://www.broschuerenreihe.net/international/how-susceptible-are-genes/index.html

Mobile phone use ‘raises children’s risk of brain cancer five fold’

http://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mobile-phone-use-raises-childrens-risk-of-brain- cancer-fivefold-937005.html

(England) The truth about Mobile Phones and WiFi Dr Andrew Goldsworthy 2007: http://www.radiationresearch.org/The Truth About Mobile Phones and Wi-Fi.pdf

Dr. Vini Kharuna Brain Surgeon: “Mobile Phones and Brain Tumours- A Public Health Concern”http://www.brain-surgery.us/mobph.pdf

“Cell Phones and Brain Tumors”15 reasons for concern http://www.powerwatch.org.uk/science/reasons_us.pdf

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) who works to protect children and kids from toxic chemicals in our food, water, air, and the products we use every day, released a 40 page report titled:  ”Cell Phone Radiation-Science Review on Cancer Risks and Children’s Health”http://www.ewg.org/project/2009cellphone/cellphoneradiation-fullreport.pdf

The FCC advice to consumers about the use of cell phones.   http://www.fcc.gov/cgb/consumerfacts/mobilephone.html

U.S. bans truckers, bus drivers from texting while driving

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/26/AR2010012603238.html?sub=AR

Time magazine: How Safe is Your Cell Phone?

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1969732,00.html

Warning, Your Cell Phone May Be Hazardous To Your Health: GQ Magazine http://www.gq.com/cars-gear/gear-and-gadgets/201002/warning-cell-phone-radiation?currentPage=1

National Toxicology Program NTP- RF study. 

http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/docs/cell-phone-fact-sheet.pdf
Updated 03/26/2010 by Sandi Maurer

EMF Safety Network PO Box 1016 Sebastopol CA 95473  www.emfsafetynetwork.org

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